Save the Girl Child

In more seasoned days the introduction of a young lady kid was considered as propitious. According to an Indian precept, â€Å"A home without a little girl resembles a body without soul†. The introduction of a little girl in the house was contrasted and the approach of Goddess Laxmi, the Goddess of riches and Goddess Saraswati, the Goddess of Kno People for the most part pose this inquiry that young lady youngster is a revile and gift . Yet, I think it as a dumb inquiry. In what manner can a young lady be a revile. A young lady is continually favoring. Young lady is a devi. Lady are the mainstays of society. How might they be a curse.Girl is a mother who take can her kids in all aspects of l That's on the grounds that there are just 927 young ladies for each 1,000 young men younger than 6. Furthermore, a large portion of these 927 young ladies are removed from school early with the goal that they can help in the fields or work as youngster work to help the family. Isn’t it time that we shut down this uncouth segregation and allowed gi These days sexual orientation lopsidedness is turning into a grave issue particularly in India. Young ladies are either prematurely ended from mother’s belly or murdered after birth. This offers ascend to violations like assault and killing.Nearly 50% of India’s kids are young ladies. In any case, the young lady kid is viewed as a lesser youngster in our general public. Regardless of class, standing and financial conditions, she is victimized and dismissed at all the levels. This outcome in the forswearing of fundamental administrations required for her surviv Daughter is the bunch that ties the family together†. â€Å"A infant young lady.. one of the most excellent supernatural occurrences throughout everyday life, one of the best delights we can ever know,& one reason why there is an additional daylight, chuckling and joy in our life today.† In numerous conventional societies, fathers and moth Tears of a young lady kid How would we be able to have any kind of effect? This story is more established than the time, a young lady despite everything kick the bucket, executioner despite everything carry out the wrongdoing. Why there is a grin even with a family when a kid is conceived and not when a young lady is conceived? I don’t see a motivation behind why everybody needs a kid and The job of ladies is crucial to all circles and features of life.Thus venture on a young lady youngster is a more intelligent path to the general advancement of a family. Instruction is one of the numerous fundamental fieldsâ where young lady kids stays a survivor of dissimilarity and is dismissed when contrasted with the other sex. Yet, it is p Girl Child in India By Rajni Seth Ads by Google UNICEF India †Donate Now DonateToUnicef. organization/Donation 9,00,000 youngsters kick the bucket each year Your Rs. 750 a month can spare lives Embryo Adoption - Donation www. EmbryosA live. com Embryos in Cryostorage? Adoptors Are Waiting-Donors Choose Are You a Fresher? NIIT. com/IT-Training Join Placement Oriented 4 Month IT Course Designed for Fresh Grads A universe of the young lady youngster is loaded with affection, warmth and concern.She is the procreator and the mother of tomorrow. She is the person who shapes the predetermination of human progress and bestows qualities and ideals to what's to come. Lamentably this wonderful world is bleak and loaded up with despair. The shade of guiltlessness is incidentally changing into shade of concealment. This delightful production of God has become the gravest concern today. Her reality is loaded up with hopelessness and she is disregarded on a desolate land looking for a warm touch, mother's affection and father's lullaby.Traditions and customs are sketching out the endurance of the young lady kid in India. Despite the fact that the nation has made noteworthy development in different fields, it is grievously speak ing to the most minimal sex proportion. Male centric standards, low status of ladies and child idolism are the essential reasons that cause inclination against young lady kid in India. The stunning decrease of young lady kid proportion has frightened eventual fate of India. The Census report demonstrates a profoundly slanted sexual orientation proportion that tumbled from 976 young ladies brought into the world each 1000 young men to 927 young ladies each 1000 young men in 2001.In different pieces of the nation like Rajasthan, Haryana and Rajasthan the proportion has even declined to 800:1000. Not just female feticide and child murder, a progression of other inconsistency like absence of young lady instruction, absence of sustenance, early marriage and nonappearance of essential necessities are additionally connected to the gravest worry of mankind. Absence of instruction holds the young lady kid to a low expectation for everyday comforts and gives powerlessness to uncover her abili ties and information. Teaching a young lady is instruction an entire family†¦

Pursuit of the American Dream in Catch Me If You Can and Blow Essay

Quest for the American Dream in â€Å"Catch Me If You Can† and â€Å"Blow† â€Å"Catch Me If You Can† is a genuine story dependent on a man who deceived huge organizations out of their cash, subsequent to experiencing childhood in a modest community in destitution. â€Å"Blow† is fundamentally the same as in that it depends on the genuine occasions of a man who worked the medication cartel for many dollars, subsequent to growing up with his folks in the ghettos. The primary characters in these movies both utilize two distinct plans to achieve a similar objective, which is the â€Å"American Dream,† subsequent to being a long way from it during adolescence. In view of the genuine story of Frank Abagnale Jr, â€Å"Catch Me If You Can† recounts a fruitful rascal who figured out how to make himself look like a few characters for individual addition. During secondary school, Frank Abagnale Jr. venerated his dad, who was continually in a difficult situation with the IRS. At the point when his folks independent, he flees to Manhattan with $25 in his pocket. Straight to the point is resolved to recapture his father's misfortunes and recover his folks together. Only a couple of years after the fact, the FBI tracks him down in France. He's removed, attempted, and imprisoned for passing more than $2,000,000 in terrible checks. En route, he had effectively acted like a Pan Am pilot, a pediatrician, and a lawyer. Additionally, from about the start of this life of wrongdoing, he's been constantly sought after by a FBI operator, Carl Hanratty. George Jung is the child of a battling entrepreneur. Seeing his family battle to make a decent living and coming up short, George guarantees himself never to share a comparable destiny. Moving to California, he begins his own pot pushing activity in which he ends up at both achievement and destruction. In jail, he meets a cellmate who acquaints him into an association with the new market of co... ...men deceived the framework and increased a lot of benefit while at it. Alongside their unexpected ascent to control, the two characters have their own ruins. Straight to the point Abagnale Jr. doesn’t have it so terrible, as opposed to carrying out his punishment in the slammer, he works with the man who got him. Right up 'til today he helps find over 80% of the fake checks being gone through the framework. George Jung is in prison and is turning out sooner rather than later. All things considered, the two characters have had huge effects on the American Society, as they are celebrated for their naughty activities. These men both experienced childhood in poor territories where their family continually had battles, and as opposed to getting passed it, both let themselves know never to resemble that again. The two men had the correct plan to make it throughout everyday life, except went about it in various ways, which were fundamentally the same as, and created a similar result; discipline.

Writing a College Research Paper

Writing a College Research PaperWriting a college research paper can be a little intimidating. In the article below, we will cover some tips that can make your writing process easier.Writing a research paper is a complex task that requires patience, and a little time, effort, and creativity. If you do not have time for a research paper, it may be best to try and find someone who does. That way, you can draft of the research paper by yourself.The first thing you should know when writing a college research paper is what the purpose of the paper is. You want to come up with an essay topic that is important to the subject of your subject. The reason this is important is because the topic of your paper will serve as the bulk of your research.Then, you need to determine if your topic will fit the topic for your research paper. Make sure you are using a topic that has a lot of relevance to the topic of your paper. You can also include a side note or two on a related topic. This can make you r research paper easier to write, but it may increase the difficulty in reading your paper.Also, when writing a research paper, you must put yourself in the shoes of a reader. Put yourself in their shoes and ask yourself if the information you are about to give them will help them in their life. Think about the questions they are going to ask, and answer them honestly. Give good, strong, persuasive arguments, and be sure to consider your reader's point of view.Once you have come up with an idea, find out the most relevant information to the topic of your research paper, and then create an outline for your paper. You may want to consider the thesis statement, the main ideas, and the supporting arguments, etc. This will help you put the research paper together in a much shorter period of time.Writing a research paper is not always easy, but it is important to realize that it is important. Your research paper should be helpful to others in your life, not just to yourself. So, remember to put yourself in the shoes of a reader, and use your skills to create a powerful research paper.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia - 1476 Words

Schizophrenia, paranoid type was researched in terms of diagnostic criteria based on many different actions that affect people in multiple ways. Schizophrenia is a disease in the brain that is an emotionally draining illness that can affect the victim along with anyone in contact with the victim. RB a young man has a diagnosis of schizophrenia, paranoid type. He lives at home with a loving family and he was always socially active and great student. Schizophrenia has been a severely stigmatized disorder has many different aspects to the disorder. The standard diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia are characteristic symptoms, social and occupational dysfunction and the duration of the symptoms. Everyday health describes Paranoid Schizophrenia as â€Å"Delusions of grandeur or persecution afflict paranoid schizophrenics, along with feelings of anger. These patients often argue a lot and can be violent.† RB is believed to have all the concerning aspects that clients with Schizophr enia have. I will be developing a case study to discuss RB’s positive and negative symptoms, delusional thinking, what medications would be helpful, screenings important to RB’s diagnosis and psychosocial treatments that he would benefit from. Let us first step into the history of RB, he was always a great student and he was very socially active. He grew up in a great home with his loving parents and as he developed his mind began to develop differently than expected. He is now a twenty-two year old youngShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Per MentalHelp.net, schizophrenia is rare with approximately one-percent of the worldwide population and 1.2 percent of the population of the United States suffering from the disease as of 2009. Accurate statistics are difficult to obtain because many sufferers do not seek help. Symptoms typically – but not always – present in teen years with different peak times for females and males. Females have two peak times of vulnerability – mid- to late twenties and again around 40 – whereasRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1108 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought, cognitive impairment, and mood symptoms. Hallucinations may include hearing voices (auditory hallucinations) or seeing people (visual hallucinations) that are not actually present. Patient also often have â€Å"negative† findings such as decreased energy, flat affect, and a lack of interest. These symptoms must typically be present for at least 6 months andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1060 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is a well-known emotional and mental disorder that causes hallucinations, and paranoid and delusional behaviour (Hoffer, 2004). In contrast to many other diseases, schizophrenia is mostly due to genetics and influenced by the environment. People who suffer from this disorder usually cannot differentiate from the imaginative world from the real one. Schizophrenia is often a result of stress and develops gradually (DeLisi, 2011). It is therefore, essential to start earlyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causes of schizophrenia, what are some of the types of schizophrenia, and what are the treatment options for those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder and is chronic and severe to those thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Schizophrenia1205 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia Roughly 2.5 Million Americans have been diagnosed with a chronical brain disorder known as Schizophrenia. Most people believe schizophrenia causes people to have split personalities, but that’s not the case. The illness called Schizophrenia causes a person to hallucinate, hear voices that others can’t hear, make people believe that they are being watched, and the belief somebody is out to harm them. (Mental Health America 2015) In this paper I will write about the prevalence, whatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1011 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that consists of hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thought. â€Å"Schizo† if Greek for Split while â€Å"phrene† means mind; schizophrenia literally translates to split mind (Burton, 2012). Why is schizophrenia considered to be split minded? According to Khouzam, 2012 split mind is used to describe the disruption within the thought process Schizophrenia i s a mental disorder that has subcategories that include paranoia, catatonia, disorganized, residual andRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia843 Words   |  4 PagesPeople who suffered from schizophrenia were once mistaken to be â€Å"dangerous† and untreatable. For this reason, they were often institutionalized and removed from society (DiRocco). The causes of this mental psychotic disorder has been much more understood over the past decade resulting in the possibility for people with schizophrenia to live more average lives. Development of treatments, such as medication and various forms of psychotherapies, have been effective in treating symptoms and common comorbidRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1058 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is defined as â€Å"a brain disorder that affects the way a person behaves, thinks, and sees the world.†(Melinda Smith, Jeanne Segal). Schizophrenia is treatable but incurable, and is present in one percent of the general population. Some people with schizophrenia can function normally without the help of medicines, while others must rely on medications. The disorder can also get so severe that an individual may need to be hospitalized or worse. The measures needed to treat schizophreniaRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1545 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), is a psychotic disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviour, and other symptoms that cause social or occupati onal dysfunction (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The symptoms of schizophrenia invade every aspect of a person: the way someone thinks, feels, and behaves; which implicates their interpersonal and working relationships. Individuals suffering

Descartes First Meditations By Rene Descartes - 1352 Words

In Renà © Descartes’ First Meditations, he introduces three main sceptical arguments for the possibility of doubt: illusion, dreaming and error. Descartes’ purpose in his First Meditations is to define knowledge by placing doubt on the sceptical arguments capacity to provide truth. In this essay, I will focus on the argument from dreaming. There are many objections against the argument; therefore I will assess the soundness of the argument and whether it establishes universal doubt based on the plausibility of the objections. Moreover, I will further conclude that it is possible to know if we are dreaming or not at any given moment and that we are not always in a dream. The argument of dreaming The principle premise of the argument from dreaming is that there are ‘no sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep.’ This leads to the premise that one often feels sensations and perceptions similarly to when one is awake. Then, it is possible that we do not know if we are dreaming right now or not. This is a valid argument which attacks all sense-perception and allows us to doubt even the most ordinary and certain things, as you may be dreaming them rather than actually experiencing it. Objections to the argument Descartes hypothesizes that we cannot distinguish the state of being in a dream and being awake. As a result, he concludes that our sensory perception is unreliable, and we should strip down our judgement through sensory perception andShow MoreRelatedRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy1234 Words   |  5 Pages In Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes does and experiment with wax to try to prove that things actually exist in this world. This essay is going to prove how we can tell that things actually exist and what can perceive the wax. Rene Descartes starts off with a description of the wax so he can prove to us the changes that will happen throughout his experiment. â€Å"Let us take, for instance, this piece of wax. It has been taken quite recently from theRead MoreThe Meditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes916 Words   |  4 Pages The Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes is a thorough analysis about doubt. Descartes describes his method of doubt to determine whether he can truly know something. One of his major arguments is the proof of the existence of God. In this paper, I will attempt to unravel the flaws in Descartes proof that God exists. In the meditations, Descartes evaluates whether or not everything we know is a reality or a dream. Descartes claims that we can only be sure that our beliefs are trueRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesPrà ©ciso of Meditations on First Philosophy Through his series of books, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes enlightens his philosophical ideas about knowledge in which we should discard all belief we aren’t absolute certain about and establishes what we know for sure. In the introduction he clarifying the main ideas of each of the 6 books and using to them build up to his belief. Starting with the First Meditations, he discusses about doubt. He believed that there are no real foundationsRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes1062 Words   |  5 PagesIn Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes philosophies made a substantial advancement in enabling us to understand the world around us by querying many of the Aristotelian doctrines that are still being discussed in philosophy today. He attempts to answer the question; can you fully trust your senses? Descartes uses methodological doubt, which is a process of being skeptical about truths of someone’s belief to revoke from his senses. In Meditation One: Concerning Those Things That Can BeRead MoreRene Descartes Meditations On First Philosophy1758 Words   |  8 PagesPerhaps the most startling conclusion reached by Renà © Descartes in Meditations on First Philosophy is his proposed disconnection between the Mind and Body. Striving to separate the spiritual from the corpore al to enable scientific examination of the earthly without interference from the divine, Descartes conceives that the two basic human substances, Mind and Body, are distinct and therefore able to exist separate of one another in his [in]famous claim of substance dualism. His conclusions rest uponRead MoreEssay on Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes1561 Words   |  7 Pages In his work, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes writes to rid pre-conceptions, and disprove all belief in thoughts that are not certain, accepting only what can be known for sure. In his Meditation VI: Of the Existence of Material Things, and the Real Distinction between the Mind and Body of Man, he discusses his belief that the mind and body are two separate substances, claiming that the nonmaterial mind and the material body, while being ontologically distinct substances, causallyRead MoreRene Descartes s Meditation On First Philosophy802 Words   |  4 PagesRenà © Descartes objective in Meditation on First Philosophy is to construct philosophy as a solid methodical study and discipline alike the sciences. To do so he must first suspend belief in all things doubtful and from their go about verifying the true concepts of the world. In meditation II he verifies that he is a thinking thing and finds that the certainty of the cogito â€Å"I think therefore I am† lies in the distinct perception of what he affirms. From this he generates a general rule of evidenceRead More Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Essay1946 Words   |  8 PagesRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes’ third meditation from his book Meditations on First Philosophy, examines Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to explore Descartes’ reasoning and proofs of God’s existence. In the third meditation, Descartes states two arguments attempting to prove God’s existence, the Trademark argument and the traditional Cosmological argument. Although his arguments are strong and relatively truthfulRead MoreEssay on Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy2121 Words   |  9 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Descartes believes that knowledge comes from within the mind. This is a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this founda tion through the method of doubt. He casts doubt upon all his previous beliefs, including â€Å"mattersRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 1 Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes was the first philosophy

The Evil Rooted In Women Essay Paper Example For Students

The Evil Rooted In Women Essay Paper Chaucer, in his female pilgrimage thought of women as having an evil-like quality, that they always tempt and take from men. They were depicted of untrustworthy, selfish and vain. Through the faults of both men and women, Chaucer showed what is right and wrong and how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded look of women and how they cause for the downfall of men. (chuckiii, 4) Chaucer obviously had very opinionated views of the manners and behaviors of women and expressed it strongly in The Canterbury Tales. In his collection of tales, he portrayed two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife of Bath represented the extravagant and lusty woman where as the Prioress represented the admirable and devoted followers of church. (Chaucer, 8) Chaucer delineated the two characters contrastingly in their appearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behavior toward men. Yet, in the midst of disparities, both tales left its readers with an unsolved e nigma. The Wife of Bath represents the liberal extreme in regards to female stereotypes of the Middle Ages.(chuckiii, 4) Unlike most women being anonymous during the Middle Ages, she has a mind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highly of herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes whenever the opportunity arises. She intimidates men and women alike due to the power she possesses. Because of her obnoxious attitude Chaucer makes her toothless, fat and large. Doubtlessly, she is very ugly, almost to the point of not-presentable. The Prioress, on the other hand, serves as a foil to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as tenderhearted who can not bear the sight of pain or physical suffering. She will cry at the thought of a dog dying. It could represent that she has a frail soul with low tolerance for pain and suffering.(fordham, 16) The latter description carries over into the modern stereotypes about women as skittish and afraid members of socie ty who need to be cared for. (Fordham, 16) Chaucer paints a very delicate and elegant picture of the Prioress. Her manners of eating are far from the brutish festivals of the time. Chaucer describes her table manners as very graceful, not a drop of anything would fall from her mouth, and she was very polite when taking thing at the table. (lines 131-4). Chaucers last description of Prioress the letter A around her neck that stood for Amor vincit omnia meaning Love conquers all. The brooch symbolizes love with which her rosaries are adorned is a common accessory for religious devotion which carries the courtly love anthem: love conquers all. (info, 15) The symbol that she wears delineates that she is perfect. Accordingly, the Wife of Bath is daunting, ostentatious and ultimately ugly. She is nothing in comparison to the Prioress who is elegant, pious, well-mannered and above all loving. The Prioresss superiority over the Wife of Bath is shown again in the presence of education. The Wife of Bath has traveled a great deal and seems knowledgeable about things of the world. She brings up many a valid point throughout the prologue but Chaucer voids her opinion because of her social class and looks when in truth she is actually wise. The Wife of Bath has understanding for the world and knows very well whats going on. However, during the Middle Ages, only scholarly or academic knowledge is recognized.(shef, 14) What the Wife of Bath understands and pursues may not be commendable. On the contrarily, the Prioress is considered scholastic and high class due to her well-manners. Her ability to speak the noble language French puts her character in a higher class as well.(prioress, 10) Thus, the Prioress is considered erudite and intelligent. Basically, the Wife of Bath is kind of a foil to the women during the Middle Ages. Her actions and thinking not only differ from the Prioress but almost from everyone else!!! The Wife of Bath is radical especially when it comes to rel ationship with men. She is characterized as knowing much about love which is illustrated by her physical defect-being gap-toothed symbolizing sexual accomplishment. The Wife of Bath cannot resist telling her companions about all of her sexual experiences. She also had five husbands and countless affairs, thus breaking innocent mens hearts. Her husbands fell into two categories. The first category of husbands was rich but also old and unable to fulfill her sexual demands. The other husbands were sexually vigorous, but harder to control. None of her five marriage was successful because the Wife of Bath was constantly seeking to have power and control over them. For instance, her fifth but not the last (it was said that she on her way of marrying the sixth before she told her tale) marriage was unhappy because her husband who is half of her age beats her. To anger him, she tore three pages from his book. After this he beats her again. She pretended to be dead and he felt so guilty that he threw his whole book in the fire. This gave her the upper hand for the rest of his life. What a contrast between the Wife of Bath and the Prioress. First, the violent and deceitful act of tearing books then malingering will never be done by the Prioress. Remember, the Prioress is pious, well-mannered, educated, powerful and above all, is LOVING. Second, this issue of marriage and sexual demand will never have its roots in the Prioresss life. She has taken the vow of chastity. The Prioress is pure in heart and thinks of men and women alike. She does not think sexually about anyone. (I guessed even if she did, it was only a thought, no actions ever accompanied her thoughts.) Its interesting how the Wife of Bath was always striving to have sovereignty and the Prioress was granted sovereignty even though she didnt seek for it intentionally. The Wife of Bath and the Prioress alike have power over men. It is rare that women are given such high stature during the Medieval period. (medj ugorje, 17) The Prioress as her name suggests a superioress in a monastic community for women is so important that three priests were in her company; she essentially was their boss. (Catholic, 9) The hag whom the Wife of Bath identifies with, initially was granted sovereignty and power over man. This is proven when the hag offers her husband the choice: he can have her old and ugly and faithful or young, beautiful, and possible unchaste. He tells her to choose; he grants her the sovereignty. As mentioned above, the Wife of Bath desires what most women want and that is power over men. Chaucer portrays the Wife of Bath as a feminist. Early in the tale, there is a quotation said by the Wife of Bath supporting the idea that she is feministic. I dont deny that I will have my husbands both my debtor and my slave, and as long as I am his wife he shall suffer in the flesh. I will have command over his body during all his life, not he. In other words, she is saying that she will have total c ontrol over herself, her husband, and their household and very specifically, not just the husband. However, there are also situations where she seems to submit to her husband. Nevertheless, since I know your pleasure I will satisfy your physical pleasure. This was said by the Wife of Bath and supports the non-feministic view. It is considered non-feministic because the woman is giving in to the mans desire which goes against feministic beliefs. The Wife of Bath has a choice of not giving in to the man, but she decides to let the man have pleasure for his desire not hers, because from her past experience she knew how much men enjoy it when women are submissive. This quotation obviously goes against feministic beliefs, leaving an unanswered contradiction about the Wife of Bath. The character of the Prioress in the same light, certainly keeps one guessing. Is her tale the product of the simple mind, or of one poisoned by anti-Semitism?(theater, 11) The Prioress supposedly is pious, wel l-mannered, educated, powerful, and all loving. Ironically, her prologue and tale contain strong elements of anti-Semitism. This is shown through her use of the Jew as the villain of her tale. However, there is no historical evidence of ritual murder of Christian children by Jews, but that would not have mattered to the pilgrims.(fordham, 3) Anti-Semitism, directed at a people thought to have both rejected and murdered Christ, was distressingly deep-seated. (icg, 2) This bigotry unfortunately was rampant at the time, and both the sentiments and their being expressed in the context of a religious story would not have seemed strange to Chaucers pilgrimage.(theather, 11) Nevertheless, on a less depressing note, her tale can tell us something of the medieval attitude towards simple piety and miracles, which also was quite prevalent.(icg,2) Personally, I think this is a story about a Christian miracle; I dont think it is about he Jews at all. Besides, the Jews were expelled from England in 1290.(huntington, 7) The Jew only functions as a vehicle to point up the miracle. Yet, whether this tale is the product of the simple mind or anti-Semitism still remains an enigma. This is here the only time when the Wife of Bath and the Prioress relate to each other. The Wife of Bath is seeming feministic yet there are also some situations in which she do as the men wish. The Prioress keeps one wondering. Most of the ecclesiastical characters in the Canterbury Tales are clearly either truly pious or, more often, blatantly avaricious and hypocritical.(chuckiii, 5) The Prioress seems to be a perfect lady or is she Chaucer portrays the tale of Wife of Bath as hypocritical but between the lines there is some helpful advice for many women in the world today. Chaucer, maybe is trying to educate women through her tale that there are times one should be a feminist and times one should not. If a woman would be a feminist all her life, she probably wouldnt get anywhere in her life or with any man. If a woman were not to have a feministic character anytime of her life, she would be overwhelmed by most men, of work or whatever the case may be.(icg,) However, with the tale of the Prioress, I dont think Chaucer intended to get any message across. This portion of the Canterbury Tales seems like a beautiful sonnet. He seems to describe as if he was in love with her. When Chaucer describes other characters, he does not go into such great details of their actions.(vahid, 1) But with the Prioress, it seems like one can picture and see the her eating her elegantly. (line 52). Chaucer may have lusted after a woman of the church is that he left us with the description of her brooch. This is what he wants us to see when we think of the prioress; a devotion to love.(vahid, 1) In conclusion, it is not only in the narration that women are thought of as having an depraved mind, that they always tempt and take from men, but in almost of the stories. They are depicted of deceitful, eg otistic and vain throughout the collection of tales. Through the tales of the Wife of Bath and the Prioress, Chaucer represented the two extremes in his view of women. Wife of Bath represented the radical extreme where as the Prioress represented the woman as glorious and commendable. These two characters constantly served as the foil against each other in appearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behavior toward men. However, they stand in one common ground in which their tales left the readers in a quandary.!! .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 , .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .postImageUrl , .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 , .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8:hover , .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8:visited , .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8:active { border:0!important; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8:active , .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8 .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf8dd5ad1ebc71bc904b8d487dffe2b8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Problems with Education in America Essay

The Ethics Of Genetic Engineering Essays - Biotechnology, Genetics

The Ethics of Genetic Engineering Is it Right, or Wrong? Is genetic engineering right or wrong? That seems to be the newest question of biology. In some ways its right, but in some ways its wrong. Genetic Engineering can cure a lot of severe diseases. For a short list of examples; cancer and AIDS. They are some the worlds most severe diseases. Cancer alone kills millions and millions of people each year. AIDS on the other hand doesn't have a full cure; but there is a prescription dose that people with AIDS can get to cure them from cancer for a short time. If we found a full cure to AIDS or cancer, we would probably already be on Mars (people who have been killed from these diseases could of been people who created ways to get to outer planets)! Genetic Engineering is that cure! All scientist have to do, I word it like its an easy thing to do, is find the rest of the letters in our DNA (you will learn about DNA later in this report). Genetic engineering can also help people who have disabilities. It will make disabilities rare. Also, people who don't have abilities they want can make sure that their kids do have the ability. For example, if I wasn't an athletic person, I could make it so my kids were. This is an amazing ability! Genetic engineering can also make people who are big boned, have small, or normal bone sizes. Genetic engineering has nothing to do with what kind of foods you like, or what your favorite color is. It does make sure you have a certain color of eye, or feature. I have my moms cleft chin. I could make it so my kid has no chance of having a cleft chin. Genetic Engineering is changing the instructions in your DNA. You see, DNA is made up of a twisting "ladder" on the ladder are different "steps."

Saint Teresa Vision essays

Saint Teresa Vision essays Saint Teresa Vision brings the reader to a new world of beliefs. It is amazing how well she describes her visions. Teresa claims she had many other visions of angels but never paid to much attention to them. Saint Teresa felt she would see an angel perfectly showing her a sign of God. One day, she saw an angel describing, him being short, beautiful and his face so aflame that appear to be all afire. He also had a long golden spear that would stab her chest later on. Teresa never knew the name of the angels that appeared to her, but she could tell angels never had a similarity between each other. Saint Teresa also claims angel had a spear with a fire on the tip. The tip of the spear went through her innards. When the spear drawed out, she thought her innards would come out but instead she was left with the love of God. The pain was not so painful it just made her groan several times. Teresa didnt mind the paid at all; she was grateful of the experience she received from God. Saint Teresa Vision reflects the time in which it was produced since it was time of learning from painting and religion. At that time Catholicism was strong, and Saint Teresa Vision made an impact to citizens. I feel the paint belongs at time that it was done. Saint Teresa Paint is done with details like the angel with spear, his face looking straight down to Teresa. Teresa facial expression is showing pain when spear went through her innards. Saint Teresas Vision probably changed many persons perspectives towards miracles. Many people did not believe in angels or in miracles of God but probably her experience might have change people point of view. Teresa proved that miracles of God do existed, if you are a true believer. Saint Teresas vision does compare with our modern world today. Many people around world has experience other type of miracles, for example, having the image of Virgin Mary in a Window or wat ...

Catholic Liturgy

It belongs to the Baptized. Therefore, as worship that includes sacrifice, the liturgy is necessarily a priestly act. As such, it is an exercise of both the baptismal priesthood and the ministerial priesthood – it always involves â€Å"spiritual sacrifice. †Ã‚   Next, within worship it necessary to have signs that signify what they effect – that is, the sanctification of man. The liturgy always involves these sensible realities that represent and effect something else. This means that within the context of liturgy those signs that are used must signify what they effect: i. . the bread and wine signifying and becoming the nourishing and enriching body and blood of Christ. There should be no superfluous signs in the liturgy (i. e. liturgical ministers dressed up as clowns). In this way then, the participants are living sacraments in themselves because they are representing the Bride of Christ offered up to the bridegroom for the salvation of souls. Third, it must be remembered that liturgy is something that is constantly going on in heaven. It is something, here on earth, that is entered into. The assembly gathered does not â€Å"start† liturgy properly speaking, rather they enter into and go forth from (exitus et reditus). Lastly, the liturgy belongs to the baptized as they alone belong to the priesthood of Jesus Christ. It is only those who have been made priests through the waters of Baptism that are in fact in common union with the Church as She exists throughout all time. The liturgy as an act of public worship is the passing over of all that God revealed about Salvation. It is that which fulfills the Old Testament worship. It always has to do with an action that is salvific. The liturgy, as an effect, brings the people together in order to praise God, enables them to participate in â€Å"the sacrifice†, and eat the Lord’s Supper. The Liturgy is always bringing humanity and all creation back into Christ. gt;gt;I hope you enjoyed this quick reflection on the Liturgy. Please feel free to share your comments below. It is my hope and prayer that this site will become a forum of discussion about how we as Catholics can rediscover the nature and beauty of worship amp; liturgy. lt;lt;

Refer to Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Refer to Article - Essay Example For instance, the government established a burn aims on advertising cigarettes on television, radios, news papers and other social media. In addition, the United States government established a Policy on Family smoking prevention and tobacco control act that aimed to control the habit of cigarette smoking (US Department of Health and Human Services,paras2-10). Additionally, community health advocacy campaigns’ against smoking and substance abuse was established the through the ministry of health to address the problem of cigarette smoking. The campaigns have been extended not only in schools and institutions of higher learning but also at homes. The campaigns aimed to sensitize the public on the negative impacts of cigarette smoking and substance abuse (Wolfson p.217). . It was reported that the burn helped to reduce cases of cigarette smoking from 40% in 1970 to 19% in the year 2004 (Ferrence, Boisclair and Bader paras6-7). Therefore, this study aims to investigate impacts of smoking, advantages and disadvantages of ant-cigarette smoking campaigns, suggested solutions to address smoking problem as well as summary based on research findings. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cigarette Smoking Campaigns In the United States Anti-cigarette smoking campaigns have helped to reduce the number of deaths attributed to smoking complications such as lungs and throat cancer. Additionally, anti-cigarette smoking campaigns have proved to be cost effective in the long run (F?rat, Begu?m and Aylin p. 142). This is because despite having incurred huge expenditures to carry out anti-cigarette smoking campaigns, the government and health professional have been able to reduce the number of people diagnosed with cancers and smoking related ailments. Connectively, productivity has increased because of having a healthy society where people can work without spending time and resource in taking care of ailed members of the society (F?rat, Begu?m and Aylin pp.142-143). On the con trary, anti-cigarette smoking campaigns have numerous disadvantages especially among cigarette manufacturing companies like Reynolds Tobacco. For example, anti-cigarette campaigns have led to a decrease in companies’ sales volume and profitability. This is because the campaigns utilize deglamolization strategy which aims at making attractiveness of cigarettes among consumers to decline (Glen, Peter and Annette p114). For example; the use of great labels indicating severe consequences of cigarettes brands tends to discourage consumers from taking cigarettes. In above connection, anti-smoking campaigns have caused smoke addicts to be taken as social misfits (Steve, para2). Reaction Summary/personal opinion According to the Centre foe diseases and control, Paras1-3, cigarette smoking campaigns has been reported to increase not only smoking related ailments but also has led to an increase in number of annual deaths in the country. For instance it was reported that cigarette smoki ng had led to an increase in number of adults deaths by a figure of 443,000 every year (Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, para1). Additionally, cigarette smoking was reported to increase the annual medical expenses by ninety six billion dollars. Connectively, the United States government computed a loss of approximate ninety seven billions dollars in productivity due to increase in cases of people diagnos

A Risk Management Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Risk Management Proposal - Assignment Example Risk evaluation is also extremely important in order to minimize the occurrence of risks. The two widely used methods of risk evaluation include subjective and objective methods. Many people from different departments are involved in the process of risk management who oversee different phases of the project risk management. If case of construction industry, people included in the process of risk management are project risk manager, risk management team, project risk custodians, risk profile owners, and team members of the project. Project risk manager provides the risk management strategy to the team in order to manage the risks associated with the project. The project management team collects necessary information required for the purpose of risk management. The risk profile owners allocate the responsibility of the risks to the concerned staff. The custodians of the risk oversee and consolidate the risks within a particular risk category. The project team members provide the necessary information regarding risks to the project profile owners and the risk management team. The phases of the risk management process include establishment of context for risk management, communication of risk management, risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, risk treatment, and monitoring and reviewing of the risk. Emaar is a Public Joint Stock Company whose motive is to provide the people with high standard life styles. Emaar is a Dubai based Construction Company and has been working successfully since 1997. Emaar Construction Company competes in various areas related to construction industry. These areas include building beautiful homes, master planned communities, various construction projects, and providing the customers with full range of high life style requirements. The risk occurs when the client asks for a change in the design of the building at a later stage by commenting that the design document was not shown

Comparing Einstein and Other Ccreative Geniuses :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Comparing Einstein and Other Ccreative Geniuses The author Banesh Hoffmann wrote the essay "Unforgettable Albert Einstein," and expresses his admiration at Einstein’s innate ability for getting to the heart of a situation with simple logic. This ability was the secret of his scientific discoveries. Einstein once made a statement that when Mozart composed music, he found the beauty that was already there waiting to be revealed. This one ability was characteristic of Einstein’s findings. He was able to reveal what already existed but had not been discovered. Whether or not he was using every day experiences or working on more abstract projects his approach was the same. He was able to seek and find the simplest answer to a task or a formula. In one situation Einstein asked Hoffmann if he knew why a man’s feet would sink in dry or wet sand but not in damp sand. He was unable to give him an answer. Einstein explained that surface tension caused by tiny amounts of water pulled the grains of sand together. Because of the friction that was caused, this made the surface hard to move. Einstein’s way of thinking was so simple, that most people would overlook the obvious answers that he would reason out. The simple and curious question that Einstein asked himself was whether a light wave would seem stationary if one ran abreast of it. This question would later lead him to explore and to discover the principle of relativity. An easy example of this theory is the illustration of when you stir a stick in water. It does not matter if you are standing still or moving in a boat. The waves once made by the stick remain the same. It was through questioning and observing that Einstein was able to come up with the solutions that revolutionized physics. I can relate with revealing something that has not been uncovered when I work on artwork. I have experienced this when the painting seems to evolve. I might start with a simple feeling or emotion and then I set into action the birth of a new creation. I have also painted a person that I have not met. Later when I meet the person in my painting I am surprised. The person had always existed, but had not been revealed to me yet. The invention of perspective was discovered in the 15th century.

Why Did the Gallipoli Campaign Fail?

The campaign ended in failure for several reasons. It was not the fault of the soldiers, but the men who where commanding them. For once there was a break down in our system. In brief, the campaign was a failure. It was a failure as we did not successfully push through the Turkish lines to Istanbul, and then on to attack the Germans on another front to help the Russians who were suffering heavy causualties at the time. So, heres why we retreated: * Second thoughts in Parliament: worth the casualties Supply lines were not working. Men did not get enough stuff * No one knew how to do an amphibious assault: we just rowed to shore * Lack of Leadership: General in charge changed, forces were not allowed to do anything without orders. When an order was given it would have to be carried out to the letter as it was from the British officers. No matter what. The orders were sometimes days old. * The Generals also had barely any knowledge of Turk tactics and the like.Their knowledge was very l imited, consisting of things like a 1912 manual of Turk tactics, a tourist guidebook and an outdated map. * No additional troops allowed: parliamentay decision * Royal Navy withdraws: No pressure on Turk capital, army artillery support gone * Turks had the high ground (really high ground) * No one prepared for modern warfare: just ran against a machine gun, men shooting with bolt action rifles and pistols * Terrain very difficult Naval mine-sweeps were poor. * A month's delay between the attacks in March and those in April†¦ it gace the Turkish/Ottoman troops plenty of time to prepare and fortify. Kitchener depended on the element of surprise, but because of this he only gained â€Å"Tactical† surprise; when and where he would strike, not â€Å"if† he would strike. Also, throw in the low morale of the troops due to the above factors, and also due to diseases such as dysentery and malaria

Evaluation Of Competency Test For Students With Special Needs

Through gathering data, educators have noticed that students with special needs are more prone to struggle with reading comprehension and literacy. Formal assessments such as, the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness (STAAR) and Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT), are a major concern for students with disabilities and their teachers, because students are struggling with passing formal assessments and showing low abilities to comprehend the reading. In order to bridge this gap in literacy, teachers may use three effective literacy strategies for students with special needs. Question Answer Relationship (QAR) comprehension strategy, reading miscue test, and graphic organizers are strategies which will address low test†¦show more content†¦Three Literacy Strategies to Help Special Needs Students with Reading Comprehension Question Answer Relationship (QAR) Question Answer Relationship (QAR) comprehension strategy has proven to lead to achievement gains for struggling readers and students who have been diagnosed with disabilities in the area of reading. According to Kinniburgh, â€Å"QAR provides a framework for comprehension strategy instruction. The questions posed before, during, and after reading require students to use multiple comprehension strategies as they formulate their answers† (Kinniburgh et al., 2012; Raphael, 1982, p. 3). The QAR strategy is important because it helps students make connections and differentiate questions they have while reading a text. In addition to that, QAR work as a cycle, meaning that each section of this strategy will direct students to either make more connections or leave them with different questions. The QAR strategy is very beneficial for students because the strategy is multi-functional and is able to adapt to different subject areas. This strategy can be used for either general educati on teachers or for special education teachers. In the Kinniburgh article, she observed one general education teacher and a special education teacher using the QAR strategy (Kinniburgh et al., 2012). The results of the pre andShow MoreRelatedStandardized Test Argument Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesArgument Essay Standardized tests are defined as the test directed and given in a standard way. From the 1800s, the standardized test has been an important aspect of the education sector and has been a primary factor to evaluate academic proficiency and sole criteria for admissions as well as scholarships. 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Nationalism in the Middle East - 2025 Words

The concept of â€Å"identity† in a person’s life often emanates from systemized sense of social representations and relations. Actors in the identity criterion have a sense of belonging characterized by a capacity of self-reflection, entailing a process that constantly reaffirms one’s status and differentiation from others. Identity produces consciousness of action and becomes formalized, with symbolic character and recognition found within specific limitations that are confined in a particular environment (Montserrat 10). Therefore, an individual’s uniqueness directly creates a singular person’s identity, which is an essential element in the development of national identity. It is the summation of those individuals’ identities that leads†¦show more content†¦However, the Middle East nationalism process was delayed in comparison with the European nationalism because the Arab world possessed unique aspects due to cultural, political and religious features that were associated with the colonial rule. Due to the aspect of their likeness in terms of language trait, Arab nationalist in the Middle East had a greater appeal for nationalism, despite the shifting political alliances. Despite having identical cultural orientations, the Arab nationalists had consciousness identity difficulties because they were under the Ottoman Empire for a long time. Arguably, in the first stages of Arab nationalists movements, European powers had sought to simulate the its development trends in Arab inhabited territories in order to facilitate dismantling of the Ottoman empire, which still continued to maintain its influence, even after its disintegration. 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The Social Side of Decision Making Essay - 1309 Words

The Social Side of Decision Making In our group for this assignment we used a few techniques to arrive at a combined agreement. Group Polarization was definitely present in this group, so was dictatorship and conformity. The group worked together verbally; since a face to face was not applicable. Moscovici Zavalloni describe group polarization as a â€Å"tendency for a group discussion to amplify the inclinations of group members.† (Moscovici, S., Zavalloni, M., 1969). Group polarization creates what Moscovici Zavalloni call the risky shift, where group members will more likely tend to agree to disagree and take more risks than if the member of the group were to be working alone independently. When people are in a group they are more†¦show more content†¦As with any group as I said before you need to learn to agree to disagree sometimes. You are not always right and they are not always right, however, given the chance to brainstorm and toss ideas around, the group is able to come to a consensus of a greement that â€Å"this is the right answer or close†. We can’t have our pie and eat it too meaning; we cannot have it our way all the time. Sometimes we have to break out of our habit of how we do things singly and join the group as a whole. During this group with the above mentioned theories applied to avoid any biases and errors was to first accept the fact that they exist. Doing so we were able to reduce these from occurring and were able to request; not demand, the information that was needed. I (since I was the leader) led the group as I have done many groups in my management history. I encouraged criticism of each other, even myself, I encouraged brainstorming to discuss the best possible way to plan and complete the assignment, I encouraged all members of the group to apply their opinions and suggestions because we all matter not just one and I applied deadlines for everybody to apply the rule of responsibility. I led the group and I letShow MoreRelatedProfessional And Personal Development Plan810 Words   |  4 Pagesconscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism. The openness side of me state that I am a curious person, it state that I like change and I am very fascinated with new ideas. Conscientiousness side o f me explains that I like to plan; I am very responsible and very organized. The conscientiousness side will help greatly in my job life. The agreeableness side of me explains that I like to make friends and that I am very trusting in nature. The neuroticism side of me explains that I am very calm person and I haveRead MoreD2 Example1125 Words   |  5 PagesD2: Evaluates the effectiveness of the use of counselling skills in aiding client’s decision-making process: The ultimate goal of counselling is to enable individuals to make own decisions in life and act accordingly in order to change habits or overcome difficulties that had prevented them to achieve self-actualisation, build self-esteem or just live happily as general. In order to achieve that professionals are using variety of counselling skills and theories for support. One of the theoriesRead MoreThere Are Limitations To The Model That Arnstein Developed1241 Words   |  5 Pagesmeant for health and social care and therefore cannot give a true picture of participation for service users. It also fails to realise the power exchange and places a winner and loser rather than a balance. The model also fails to see that all service users may not want to participate doesn’t factor in quality of participation example. Not all service users may be interested in participating but could be empowered if they do participate. Empowering individuals in health and social care is included inRead MoreDrug Dependence And Addiction : Drugs1231 Words   |  5 Pagesand progression of the disease. The findings provide strong leads to new medications and behavioral treatments. Drugs of abuse, such as methamphetamine and heroine, affect the brain much more dramatically than natural rewards, such as food and social interactions. To bring stimulation down to a more manageable level, the brain must try to adapt. One way the brain compensates is to reduce the number of dopamine receptors at the synapse. In addition, sending neurons increase their number of dopamineRead MoreDrug Dependence And Addiction : Drugs1231 Words   |  5 Pagesand progression of the disease. The findings provide strong leads to new medications and behavioral treatments. Drugs of abuse, such as methamphetamine and heroine, affect the brain much more dramatically than natural rewards, such as food and social interactions. To bring stimulation down to a more manageable level, the brain must try to adapt. One way the brain compensates is to reduce the number of dopamine receptors at the synapse. In addition, sending neurons increase their number of dopamineRead MoreSmall Groups1483 Words   |  6 Pagesfew members of the small group takes a side on the extreme opposites. Some of the group might be on the extreme yes side, while others are on the extreme no side. Surowiecki touches on the downfalls of group polarization in small groups by saying, â€Å"Deliberation does not moderate, but rather radicalizes people’s point of view.† (Surowiecki Page 479)What Surowiecki is saying is that when in a discussion in a small group the topic of deliberation makes people side with an extreme, there really is noRead MoreOpinions and Social Pressure Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesSolomon E. Asch â€Å"Opinions and Social Pressure† Salomon E. Asch in his essay â€Å"Opinions and Social Pressure† conducted an experiment to determine effects of group pressure towards an individual and concluded that there is a very strong tendency to conformity even when doing so conflicting with their own senses of morality. In the experiment a group of young students have to compare length of lines on two different sheets of paper. On one of them there is a sample single line and on the otherRead MoreEffectiveness Of Clinical Decision Making1360 Words   |  6 PagesThe effectiveness of clinical decision making is crucial in nursing practice to ensure positive outcome (Goodman, 2014). This essay will explore the clinical and decision making process in adult nursing by analysing how nursing practice is applied in decision making considering the individual needs of the patient. Ms LG is a 42 years old white British female with a history of dyspepsia, constipation, continuous poorly localized abdominal pain, bloa ting and history of vomiting (NA2010/3010). Ms LGRead MoreHow Assumptions of Consensus Undermine Decision Making1024 Words   |  4 PagesCover Letter People are always trying to come to a consensus that they know something or someone before they get the true in-depth details. This more often than not leads them to making false assumptions. False assumptions are a misuse of statistics and occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. At the end of the day these false assumptions lead us to looking stopid in the end as we were proven wrong. What I want to know is what always proppels us to want to jump to conclusion beforeRead MoreObservations On The Effect Of Pumping Jetty On The Southport Mouth1740 Words   |  7 Pagesbe evaluated on a set of criteria. 4.0 The Decision (An overall sentence outlining this section)-proposal/alternative, criteria, stating your decision, justification) In this section a decision will be made about the viability to construct the proposed cruise liner terminal, using the several criteria. 4.1 The Proposal (What are the alternatives?) In this report, the following proposals will be considered in that a cruise liner terminal on the ocean side of the Southport Spit is not viable and should

Dick and balls Free Essays

Use a Tape-measure to measure circumference. A-IVe gone from 1 1†³ to 13. 5†³ R-its realistic†¦ lVe already gone from 11†³ to 13. We will write a custom essay sample on Dick and balls or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5†³ in two months T- workout 6 days a week for 1 hour until summer 2. S-l want to weight 175Lbs by summer, (muscle Gains) because I want to have more muscle mass. M- Use a Scale to measure weight A- I have put on 8Lbs of Muscle mass in two months R- I have put on 81bs in two months so another 15 in 7 is attainable T- workout 6 days week for 1 hour until summer 3. S- increase 10-rep leg press max to 220Lbs so I can have more strength to become a better water-skier. M. When I can lift 220Lbs 10 times in a row. A- I can leg press 180Lbs 10 times comfortably. R- Its not a huge increase so I can do it. T- I want to achieve this goal buy summer so I have the strength to waterski. I will train my legs 2-3 times a week. S- ! 4 inch bicep by summer so I can complete more push ups during fitness testing M- Use a Tape-measure to measure circumference. A-IVe gone trom R-its realistic†¦ IVe already gone from 11†³ to 13. 5†³ in two months T- workout 6 days a A- I nave put on 8Lbs ot Muscle mass in two months A- I can leg press 180Lbs 10 times com o t rtably. train my legs 2-3 times a week. SWOLE Goals train my legs 2-3 times a week. train my legs 2-3 times a week. S n bicep by summer so I can complete more S-l want to weight 175Lbs by summer, How to cite Dick and balls, Papers

Romatic Era Essay Example For Students

Romatic Era Essay 19th Century Romanticism in Europe-Books related to 19th Century Romanticism in Europe-19th Century Romanticism in Europe- Romanticism began in the early 19th century and radically changed the way people perceived themselves and the state of nature around them. Unlike Classicism, which stood for order and established the foundation for architecture, literature, painting and music, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constricted, rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. This not only influenced political doctrines and ideology, but was also a sharp contrast from ideas and harmony featured during the Enlightenment. The Romantic era grew alongside the Enlightenment, but concentrated on human diversity and looking at life in a new way. It was the combination of modern Science and Classicism that gave birth to Romanticism and introduced a new outlook on life that embraced emotion before rationality. Romanticism was a reactionary period of history when its seeds became planted in poetry, artwork and literature. The Romantics turned to the poet before the scientist to harbor their convictions (they found that the orderly, mechanistic universe that the Science thrived under was too narrow-minded, systematic and downright heartless in terms of feeling or emotional thought) and it was men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany who wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther which epitomized what Romanticism stood for. His character expressed feelings from the heart and gave way to a new trend of expressing emotions through individuality as opposed to collectivism. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama since many Romantics believed that Shakespeare had not been fully appreciated during the 18th century. His style of drama and expression had been downplayed and ignored by the Enlightenments narrow classical view of drama. Friedrich von Schlegel and Samuel Taylorleridge (from Germany and England respectively) were two critics of literature who believed that because of the Enlightenments suppression of individual emotion as being free and imaginative, Shakespeare who have never written his material in the 19th century as opposed to the 18th century. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. The Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798, was a series of poems that examined the beauty of nature and explored the actions of people in natural settings. Written by William Woodsworth, this form of poetry was free, expressive and without constraint as evident by this passage: If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Natures holy plan, Have I not reason to lament, What man has made of man? Such passages from his work indicates that poetry and literature was also used as a form of rebe llion or distaste for political institutions or social conditions during the 19th century. However, since most poets thrived on the emotional and irrational abstract that they were writing about, there was no specific category that this mode of thinking could fall into. This was a strength since the freedom to explore nature was infinite and without any restriction based on rules, law or doctrine. This invariably led to a re-introduction into religion and mysticism; people wanted to explore the unknown. The Genius of Christianity, written by Rene de Chateaubriand, offered a contrast to Science. He found Christianity to be the most poetic, most human, the most conducive to freedom, to arts and literature of all the religions and deduced that Science was lacking this element which could benefit mankind. The middle ages were regarded as a creative period when humans lived close to the soil and were unblemished with the effects of industrialization or urbanization. Romanticism began to show the people that the Enlightenment had overstayed its welcome by leading the people to a future that offered a vision of mankind as being part of a group rather than an individual. G. W. .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf , .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .postImageUrl , .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf , .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf:hover , .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf:visited , .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf:active { border:0!important; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf:active , .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03d1fd1e69b10addc9647354cf3700cf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Internet Crimes Essay F. Hegel, a German philosopher, rejected the rational philosophy of the 18th century because he believed in Idealism. This involved looking at life in terms of the importance of ideas, not thought the narrow tunnel of materialism and wealth. By advocating Idealism, Hegel concluded that mankind could be led by his spirit, his soul, rather than the establishment or the status quo. Although Romanticism was perhaps conservative in nature, every participant of this swift and silent movement could relish in his own free and glorious vision of nature. Romanticism was not a political movement or a reformist package offered by a group of dissidents; Romanticism was a time when mankind could restructure his outlook on life so that he was able to reach new heights of intellectual and political awareness. In the process of doing so, he found answers to practical problems by simply using his heart and searching his soul.

What Key Decisions Did Hitchcock Make free essay sample

Voyeurism is undoubtedly the most recognizable feature in Hitchcock ivies, similarly addressed in each movie in the form of an assault, where the audiences dimension of voyeurism feels somewhat compromised as the characters of each movie are poetically punished for their voyeurism following an eloquent, skin crawling suspense, causing both the audience and characters to reflect and question the voyeurism we are somewhat predetermined to do. In Rear Window, the protagonist infers that the salesman across the street has killed his wife after spending an inordinate amount of time observing his neighbors for his own leisure. Unwittingly, the audience gains pleasure from watching others too. When the protagonist is ultimately attacked by the person he is watching, this can be construed as the director attacking the audiences voyeurism, leading to suspense. The fear of the protagonist being attacked creates suspense, since, similarly to the incapacitated protagonist who can only watch, the audience is forced to watch, both being unable to act. We will write a custom essay sample on What Key Decisions Did Hitchcock Make or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A common, albeit subtle theme found in The Birds is the incessant bird watching, by both the characters and the audience. The voyeurs tools (eyes) being destroyed by their subject serves as a commentary on the audiences voyeurism. Shots of birds flying at and attacking the screen give the impression the voyeuristic audience being attacked. This is another example of voyeurism being associated with suspense, the primary element for which Hitchcock is known and which contributes to his widespread reputation as an auteur. In Psycho, Norman Bates (and concordantly the audience) watches Marion undress in a stereotypical voyeuristic manner. The famous shower scene begins with an extreme close-up shot of the killers eye as he watches Marion behind the shower curtain and the anticlimactic antecedent of Marinas open eye in the shower, demonstrating the punishment that entails voyeurism similar to what is found in The Birds, where the tool used for voyeurism is focused on. Not only did this punishment follow from Normals grotesque voyeuristic practice of watching Marion, but also from Marion watching Norman Jog up steps and into his home. This enforces Hitchcock thematic element of the voyeurism inherent in the audiences nature. In conclusion, Hitchcock employment of unique thematic and ideological factors in his movies Psycho, The Birds and Rear Window expose his creative input and thus instantiate him as an auteur. His use of the thematic concern of voyeurism and its constituent ideological concern of the effect and punishment of voyeurism illustrate Hitchcock creative authority in contriving these tells and concordantly the consistency o elements demonstrates his deuterium. T these

Buy Back of Securities- An Analysis

Buy Back of Securities- An Analysis Free Online Research Papers Introduction Share capital is a very essential part of a company, listed or unlisted. Share capital can be of two types i.e. equity share capital or preferential share capital. The share capital of a company has to be subscribed by one or more persons. After the share of a company has been allotted to the subscribing members, the subscribers have no right over the money gone as proceeds of the shares subscribed. All that the shareholder has is the right to vote at the general meetings of the company or the right to receive dividends or right to such other benefits which may have been prescribed . The only option left with the shareholder in order to realize the price of the share is to transfer the share to some other person. But with the introduction of section 77A, 77AA, and 77B in the Companies Act, 1956 the shareholder can realize the price by selling directly to the company . Buy Back of Securities In general terms buy back of shares can be understood as the process by which a company buys its share back from its shareholder or a resort a shareholder can take in order to sell the share back to the company. Buy-Back of shares is nothing but reverse of issue of shares by a company . It means the purchase of its own shares or other specified securities by a company. In case of buy-back, a company offers to take back its shares owned by the investors at a specified price generally determined or arrived at on the basis of the average price of the shares in the past few months. This calculation is usually done at a premium on the market price so as to attract more number of investors, which may vary as per the financial prudence of the company . Thus, buy-back is one of the prominent modes of capital restructuring. Legislative History Under Section 77 of the Companies Act, 1956, a limited company is prohibited from buying back its own shares. The basic reason for such a prohibition was a feeling that allowing companies to buy-back their shares could give rise to companies ‘trafficking’ in their own shares leading to undesirable practices in the stock market, like insider trading or other such unhealthy influences on stock prices . There was also an apprehensions that introduction of buy-back was unlikely to improve the stock market climate, but on the contrary worsen the climate as buy-back would in all likelihood facilitate more manipulation This general prohibition has been diluted by the statute, which permits a company to buy-back its securities after following the procedural safeguards provided in Section 77A, 77AA and 77B of the Companies Act. Prior to the Amendment of the Companies Act in 1999, the laws as to the buying of its share by the companies were very stringent. There was no way a company could buy its shares back from the shareholders without a prior sanction of the Court (except for the preferential shares). In 1887, in was held in the case of Trevor v. Whitworth , that a company limited by shares may not purchase its own shares as this would amount to an unauthorized reduction of capital. The rationale for this decision was that though the creditors of the company make decisions about its credit-worthiness on several grounds, but an important ground is the amount of its share capital. If the courts had not established at an early stage that capital was ‘sacrosanct’ and could not be returned to shareholders at their whim, then share capital would not have been protected. Without this protection, creditors could find shareholders depleting share capital, with creditors left to carry all the business risks. In India, the rule in Trevor v. Whitworth was enshrined in Section 77 of the Companies Act, 1956 which prohibited a company limited by shares, or by guarantee, and having a share capital from buying or canceling its own shares, nor may a company do so indirectly, by getting another person to buy the shares on its behalf, unless it complied with the provisions and followed the procedure for reduction of share capital under Sections 100 to 104 of the Companies Act, 1956 which involved sanction by the Court. Thus, by implication, an unlimited company can purchase its own shares. Article 3(e) of Table E, Schedule 1 to the Act gives power to such companies to reduce its shares in any way . Similarly, forfeiture for non-payment of calls and valid surrender do not involve purchase of shares by the company . Any valuable consideration paid out of the company’s assets amounts to a transaction of purchase . A prohibition on the buy-back of shares thus existed by virtue of Section 77 of the Companies Act, 1956 under which a buy-back could be made only by reduction of share capital. Later, the recommendations of a Working Group on Companies Act, 1956 constituted by the Central Government, led to insertion of section 77A and 77B. This Amendment was suggested to bring Indian law in parity with its British counterpart . Thereafter, the concept of Buy-back of securities which was proposed in the Companies Bill, 1997 was incorporated in the Companies Act by the Companies (Amendment) Ordinance 1998. Section 77A of the Act refers to the power of a company to purchase its own Securities subject to the provisions of Section 77A (2) and section 77B of the Act. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has issued the SEBI (Buy-back of Securities) Regulation 1998, which are applicable to listed company on a stock exchange. The other companies are regulated by Private Limited Company and Unlisted Public Limited Company (Buy-back of Securities) Rules, 1999. OBJECTIVES OF BUY-BACK OF SHARES In the words of the working group which recommended the introduction of buy back in the companies act: â€Å"It is an erroneous belief that the sole reason for buy back is to block hostile take-over. In this connection it is pertinent to list five reasons why the bank of England favoured the making of law to allow companies to repurchase their shares of which blocking take-over was only one: To return surplus cash to shareholders To increase the underlying share value To support the share prices during temporary weakness. To achieve or maintain a target capital structure. To prevent or inhibit unwelcome take-over bids. Briefly a company resorting to the buy-back may have surplus cash, and it may not have found the right avenue to invest such surplus cash, during such period of dilemma the company may decide to return the surplus cash by buying back its shares, with a hope that at a later time when the company brings on an expansion the investors do not loose their faith in the company. Secondly the company might as well think of buying its shares with a view to increase the value of the shares which after the process of buy back still remain in the market. For after the shares are bought back the number of marketable shares become less and thus the prices increase. Thirdly, at times there is a slump in the share market due to no fault of the company. Though the slouch may be temporary but may have continued far too long .The management then may decide to give value to the shareholders and buy back their shares at a price higher than the market price. This is generally done to instill faith in the m inds of the shareholders. Saving a company from hostile take-over has always been seen as a major force behind bringing about this amendment, the company may use the surplus cash available in buying back its shares and bringing the number of floating shares down, resulting in the suitor not finding it a worthy investment or a profitable acquisition. These could be certain reasons why a company may resort to buy back of its shares. Thus in short, shares may be bought back by the company on account of one or more of the following reasons: To increase promoters holding; Increase earnings per share; To improve return on capital return on net worth and to enhance the term shareholder value; To provide an additional exit route to the shareholders when shares are undervalued or are thinly traded; To enhance consolidation of stake in the company; To return surplus cash to the shareholders; To achieve optimum capital structure; Rationalize the capital structure by writing off capital not represented by available assets; Support share value; To thwart hostile takeover; To pay surplus cash not required by business. MODES OF BUY-BACK The buy-back of shares or securities may be in any one or more of the following modes: existing security-holders on a proportionate basis(tender offer method); the open market through: o book building process in accordance with Regulation 17; o stock exchanges in accordance with Regulation 15; or odd lots, that is to say, where the lot of securities of a public company, whose shares are listed on a recognized stock exchange, is smaller than such marketable lot, as may be specified by the stock exchange; or the securities issued to employees of the company pursuant to a scheme of stock option or sweat equity. PROHIBITED MODES OF BUY-BACK: No company shall directly or indirectly purchase its own shares or other specified securities : Through any subsidiary company including its own subsidiary company; or Through any investment companies or group of investment companies; or If a default, by the company, has been made in respect of: o Repayment of deposit or interest payable thereon, or o Redemption of debentures or preference shares, or o Payment of dividend to any share holder, or o Repayment of any term loan, or o Interest payable thereon to any financial institution or bank. If the company has not complied with the provisions of section 159, 207 and 211 of the Act. Moreover, a listed company is prohibited from buying back its securities through negotiated deals, spot transactions, private arrangements and insider dealings . SOURCES FOR BUY-BACK The Act provides that buy-back of shares can be financed only out of free reserves -Where a company purchases its own shares out of free reserves, then a sum equal to the nominal value of the share so purchased is required to be transferred to the capital redemption reserve and details of such transfer should be disclosed in the balance-sheet; or securities premium account; or Proceeds of any shares or other specified securities. It is provided that no buy back of any kind of shares or other specifies securities can be made out of the proceeds of the same kind of shares or same kind of other securities as it will frustrate the purpose sought to be achieved by an issue and will make no sense. It can however be used for buy-back of another kind of security. CONDITIONS FOR BUY-BACK The Companies Act provides that a company can buy-back its shares only when : It must be authorised by the articles of association of the company. It is, therefore, necessary for a company proposing to resort to a buy-back to make sure that such an authority exists in its articles. If the articles do not contain such a provision, the company must follow the procedure laid down in Section 31 of the Companies Act for altering its articles to incorporate such a provision by passing a special resolution and filing a certified true copy of the same along with Form No. 23, with the concerned Registrar of Companies, for registration as required by Section 192 of the Act. A special resolution has been passed in general meeting of the company authorizing the buy-back; However, the said special resolution shall not be required to be passed if the following conditions are satisfied : o The buy-back is or for less than 10% of the total paid up equity capital and free reserves of the company, and o A resolution authorizing the buy-back is passed at the meeting of the board. Provided that no company can come out with a fresh proposal to buy back its shares within a period of 365 days from the date of the preceding offer of buy-back. The ratio of the debt owed by the company is not more than twice the capital and its free reserves after such buy-back: Provided that the Central Government is empowered to relax the debt-equity ratio in respect of a class of companies but not in respect of any particular company . The impugned shares/securities must be fully paid-up. The buy-back of the shares or other specified securities listed on any recognized stock exchange is in accordance with the SEBI (Buy-back of Securities) Regulations, 1998. The buy-back in respect of shares or other specified securities other than those listed on any recognized stock exchange shall additionally comply with the provisions of the Private Limited Company and Unlisted Public Company (Buy-back of Securities) Rules, 1999. EXPLANATORY STATEMENT The explanatory statement accompanying the notice convening the general meeting at which the special resolution will be passed should contain all the relevant particulars of the buy-back such as: All material facts, fully and completely disclosed: The necessity for buy-back; The class of security intended to be purchased by the buy-back; The amount to be invested under buy-back; The time limit for completion of buy-back. The company is also required to pass a special resolution in its general meeting after following the procedure laid down in section 171, 172 and 173. TIME LIMIT OF COMPLETION OF BUY-BACK Every buy-back is required to be completed within 12 months from the date of passing the special resolution or the Board resolution, as the case may be or where the resolution is passed through postal ballot, the date of declaration of the result of the postal ballot, as the case may be. OTHER FORMALITIES Declaration of Solvency- A declaration of solvency is required to be filed by the company with the Registrar and SEBI in the prescribed form before the buy-back is implemented to guaranty its solvency for at least a year after the completion of buy-back . It should be verified by an affidavit and signed by two directors, one of whom must be the Managing Director, where there is one. However, a company whose shares are not listed on the Stock Exchange is not required to file this declaration with SEBI. Physically Extinguishment of Securities- A Company after the completion of buy-back is required to physically extinguish and destroy its securities within 7 days of the last day on which the buy-back process is completed . Prohibition on Further Issue of Shares- A Company buying back its securities is prohibited from making a further issue of securities within a period of 6 months except by way of a bonus issue and discharge its existing obligations such as conversion of warrants, stock option schemes, sweat equity or conversion of preference shares or debentures into equity shares . Register of Securities Bought Back- A Company is also required to maintain a register containing the particulars of the brought back securities, including the consideration paid for them, the date of cancellation, the date of physically extinguishing and physically destroying securities and such other particulars as may be prescribed . Such particulars are required to be entered in the register of buy-back of securities within 7 days of the date of completion of buy-back. Filing of Return- On completion of the buy-back process, the company shall within a period of 30 days file with SEBI and the Registrar a return in e-form No. 4C containing the particulars prescribed. A private company and a public company whose shares are not listed on a recognized stock exchange should file the return of buy-back with the Registrar only . The conditions specified below are applicable to only buy-back of shares effected under the said provisions and the conditions applicable to Sections 100, 104, 391 cannot be applied to buy back of securities . TRANSFER OF CERTAIN SUMS TO CAPITAL REDEMPTION RESERVE ACCOUNT Where a Company purchases its own shares out of free reserves, then a sum equal to nominal value of the shares so purchased has to be transferred to the Capital Redemption Reserve Account referred to in clause (d) of the proviso to sub section (f) of section 80 and its details are required to be disclosed in the balance sheet . Such a transfer of capital redemption reserve account will not be required when buy-back of securities is other than shares. Further, the Central Government may, from time to time notify other securities as specified securities and such notified securities may not be shares. PENALTY If a company makes default in complying with the provisions, the company or any officer of the company who is in default shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees, or with both. The offences are compoundable under section 621A of the Companies Act, 1956. CRITICAL ANALYSIS APPRECIATION This scheme is advantageous to the Companies as: Companies may buy-back its shares to take advantage of low share prices and hope that their value will rise quickly. Companies considering that its share price has been unfairly lowered buy-back them to give the price a boost. A company with excess cash may choose to buy its own shares rather than give out dividends. Once a company gives out dividends, investors expect them to be passed out regularly. But if the company’s cash dwindled in future years, it might have to cut the dividend and anger shareholders. A company could be taking advantage of the lower price to infuse its employee stock option program. A company may buy-back it shares to safeguard itself from hostile takeover bids. CRITICISM However, there are certain drawbacks and areas of concern in the legislation: Under section 115-O of the Income Tax Act, 1961, dividend tax at the rate of 10 % has to be paid on any amount declared, distributed or paid by way of dividend by any domestic company. However, buy-back of shares made under section 77A of the Act is not treated as dividend by virtue of sub clause (iv) of clause (22) of section 2 of the Income tax Act. It is not mandatory for a company to declare dividend under the Act. Taking advantage of this legal provision, a subsidiary may refrain from declaring dividend and transfer the entire or substantial profits to reserve. Then it can buy-back 25% of the shares at book value, which in any case will be more than the face value. These companies can wait for 6 months and issue further shares to the extent brought back. This process can be repeated any number of times. Thus, buy-back can be used to repatriate profits without paying dividend taxes by subsidiaries of foreign companies. Similarly, subsidiaries of Indian companies can also distrib ute profits without paying any dividend tax. Most of the buy-back taken place to enhance promoter’s holdings in the company rather than with a view to enhance shareholder’s wealth. In case of the multi-national companies, buy-back has been motivated by a desire to get the company de-listed from the Indian bourses. Under the present guidelines, if the promoters are able to get more than 90% shares, law permits the delisting. There is no restriction on repeated buy-backs year after year, which has resulted in increasing promoters equity stake ultimately. There is reduced cooling off period of 6 months between a buy-back and re-issue of same kind of shares within a specified period. There are reports of insider trading in some of the cases before the buy-backs are announced. CONCLUSION With the present competitive environment in India arising due to globalization and multi-nationals entering into the Indian market; it was felt that Indian companies need flexibility. Though the response to buy-back option was lukewarm in the beginning, the situation is changing and the provisions have received laudable response from the corporate world. Since the approval of buy-back of shares by companies, there has been commendable shoot up in the instances of buy-back. If one takes a peek at the web-site of the SEBI, every month on average 2-3 companies make public announcements for buy-back of shares. There are undoubtedly certain drawbacks in the Buy-back of securities in India but the benefits far outweigh the criticism. Thus, enabling Indian companies to buy-back its own shares is clearly a step towards fulfillment of long-standing demand towards liberalization of company law. ? Bibliography Dr. Avtar Singh : Company Law, Eastern Book Company A.K. Mujumdar : Company Law, Kalyani Publishers Palmer : Company Law (Vol 1), Steven Sons Ltd., London Young Patrick : Capital Market Revolution: The Future of Markets in an Online World H.K. Saharay : Company Law, Universal Law Publishing Co. 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